Guards employed at
establishments placing a heavy emphasis on security usually receive extensive
formal training. For example, guards at nuclear power plants undergo several
months of training before being placed on duty under close supervision. They
are taught to use firearms, administer first aid, operate alarm systems and
electronic security equipment, and spot and deal with security problems. Guards
authorized to carry firearms may be periodically tested in their use.
Guards, who are
also called security officers, patrol and inspect property to protect against
fire, theft, vandalism, terrorism, and illegal activity. These workers protect
their employer’s investment, enforce laws on the property, and deter criminal
activity or other problems. They use radio and telephone communications to call
for assistance from police, fire, or emergency medical services as the
situation dictates. Security guards write comprehensive reports outlining their
observations and activities during their assigned shift. They may also
interview witnesses or victims, prepare case reports, and testify in court.
Guards who work in
public buildings such as museums or art galleries protect paintings and
exhibits by inspecting people and packages entering and leaving the building.
In factories, laboratories, government buildings, data processing centers, and
military bases, security officers protect information, products, computer
codes, and defense secrets and check the credentials of people and vehicles
entering and leaving the premises. Guards working at universities, parks, and sports
stadiums perform crowd control, supervise parking and seating, and direct
traffic. Security guards stationed at the entrance to bars and places of adult
entertainment, such as nightclubs, prevent access by minors, collect cover
charges at the door, maintain order among customers, and protect property and
patrons.
Guards who carry
weapons must be licensed by the appropriate government authority, and some
receive further security guard certification as special police officers, which allows them to
make limited types of arrests while on duty. Armed guard positions have more
stringent background checks and entry requirements than those of unarmed guards
because of greater insurance liability risks. Compared to unarmed security
guards, armed guards and special police typically enjoy higher earnings and
benefits, greater job security, more advancement potential, and usually are
given more training and responsibility.
Moreover, Guards must be
licensed in most states. This requires passing a background check, being at
least 18 years old and completing classes in emergency procedures, property
rights and how to handle detention of suspected criminals. Ongoing and random
drug testing is often required, as well. Those who carry firearms must be
licensed, and some receive certification as
police officers , so they are able to make arrests while on duty.
Security guards are generally screened before being hired; an employer will
typically conduct criminal record, fingerprint and background checks. Security
guards should be in good health, have no police record and be emotionally and
mentally stable, as well as physically fit.
